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4 Cara Memanfaatkan Limbah Bulu Ayam

Selama ini dan kebanyakan orang mengetahui limbah bulu ayam selalu berakhir di tempat pembuangan sampah atau dibakar. Tetapi di tangan seorang yang kreatif dan punya kemauan serta keahlian limbah bulu ayam bisa disulap menjadi beberapa produk yang bermanfaat. Berikut 4 cara memanfaatka limbah bulu ayam menjadi barang yang bermanfaat:

1.  Tasdik asal Subang Membuat Kaligrafi Dari Bulu Ayam


Siapa sangka bulu ayam yang dianggap kebanyakan orang tidak berguna, justru sengaja dicari oleh Tasdik berusia 67 tahun warga perumahan Depag, kelurahan Cigadung, kecamatan Subang, Subang. Di tangan Tasdik yang merupakan pensiunan pegawai negeri sipil ini limbah bulu ayam disulapnya menjadi karya seni kaligrafi yang bernilai tinggi. 

Peralatan yang diperlukan pun cukup sederhana, yaitu penggaris, pinsil, tali, lem kayu dan triplek sebagai media kaligrafi. Dan bulu ayam sebagai bahan utama. Proses pembuatan kaligrafi bulu ayam ini cukup mudah, namun harus memiliki keahlian dalam melukis kaligrafi. 

Awalnya Tasdik membuat pola kaligrafi terlebih dahulu di triplek. Selanjutnya dipasang tali mengikuti pola agar bentuk kaligrafi terlihat rapi. 

Setelah terpasang tali, barulah Tasdik menempelkan bulu ayam di pola yang sudah dibuat. semua bulu ayam dapat digunakan untuk membuat kaligrafi ini. Namun tasdik lebih memilih bulu ayam yang masuk musim kawin karena memiliki warna yang lebih indah. 

Ide awal Tasdik untuk membuat kaligrafi bulu ayam ini karena melihat limbah bulu ayam yang tidak pernah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar. Melihat kondisi tersebut, membuat tasdik mulai berpikir untuk memanfaatkannya. Keahlian tasdik dalam membuat kaligrafi menjadikannya mencoba membuat kaligrafi dari bahan limbah bulu ayam. 

"Untuk kaligrafi bulu ayam ini tasdik menjualnya mulai dari harga dua juta rupiah hingga puluhan juta rupiah tergantung kesulitan dan ukurannya," ujar Tasdik. 

Dimulai dari kecintaannya terhadap kaligrafi serta ide kreatifnya kini Tasdik dapat menghasilkan pundi-pundi rupiah dari limbah bulu ayam. Bahkan kini karya seninya sudah menembus pasar mancanegara.

2. Limbah Bulu Ayam Jadi Tepung



Penasaran dengan mesin yang dapat mengubah bulu ayam menjadi tepung?  Owner CV Lancar Jaya Enginering Miftakhul Ulum mengatakan, mesin yang diberi nama mesin tepung bulu ayam ini, pertama kalinya di Indonesia. Jika biasanya bulu ayam banyak dibuang, namun dengan mesin ini, bulu ayam bisa dijadikan tepung dengan protein tinggi yang dibutuhkan untuk campuran pakan ikan dan pakan ternak.

Dengan mesin ini, bulu ayam diperas airnya. Kemudian airnya dikukus dengan dicampur enzim, lalu di oven. Setelah itu baru dihancurkan jadi tepung.

"Untuk mesin dengan kapasitas satu ton, dalam satu hari bisa menghasilkan 2 ton tepung. Mesin ini dijual seharga Rp 300 juta per unit. Untuk kapasitas 2 kuintal, bisa menghasilkan 8 kuintal tepung dalam satu hari. Harganya Rp 100 juta per unit," katanya, Senin (18/5/2015). 

3. Limbah Bulu Ayam Diolah Jadi Plastik Ramah Lingkungan



Plastik berbahan baku yang sulit terurai oleh alam dan cenderung merusak lingkungan dan ini sudah nyata terjadi di mana-mana. Selain itu, plastik juga bermasalah sebab dua jenis paling banyak digunakan saat ini, thermoplastik dan thermosetting, bahan bakunya sama-sama diperoleh dari minyak dan gas alam yang bukan sumber terbarukan.

Berupaya menyelesaikan masalah dengan sumber daya yang ada, Yiqi Yang, ahli biomaterial dan biofiber dari Institute of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Nebraska-Lincoln, AS,  mengembangkan plastik berbahan baku bulu ayam. Bulu ayam dinilai berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi plastik sebab memiliki keratin, sejenis protein yang juga terdapat pada rambut manusia.

Selain itu, bulu ayam potensial karena tingginya konsumsi ayam dunia, sampah bulu ayam pun jadi masalah. Setiap tahunnya, milyaran kilogram bulu ayam (di Amerika Serikat saja) terbuang menjadi sampah tak berguna. 

Sifat bulu ayam mengungguli bahan lain seperti pati tumbuhan. Yiqi Yang memroses bulu ayam dengan methyl acrylate, bahan kimia yang ditemukan pada produk pewarna kuku. Bahan kimia itu akan membantu polimerisasi, berperan dalam proses pembentukan film plastik yang disebut "feather-g-poly (methyl acrylate)".

Setelah diproses, terbukti bahwa plastik yang dihasilkan bulu ayam tak kalah berkualitas dibanding plastik yang ada selama ini. Plastik ini juga plastik bulu ayam pertama yang anti air dan lebih kuat dibandingkan plastik dari pati tumbuhan.

Yang memaparkan hasil penelitiannya 28 Maret 2011 lalu dalam National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society ke 24 yang diselenggarakan di Anaheim, California selama sepekan. Dalam ajang tersebut, Yang mengungkapkan bahwa salah satu tujuan penelitiannya adalah meciptakan plastik dari bahan yang bisa diuraikan. Menggunakan sampah dari pertanian dan peternakan adalah salah satu fokusnya.

"Menggunakan sampah sebagai sumber bahan baku alternatif adalah salah satu pendekatan terbaik unruk menciptakan masyarakat yang berkelanjutan dan bertanggung jawab pada lingkungan," ujar Yang.

4. Bahan Pembuat Genteng


Salah satu alternatif penggunaan bulu ayam untuk keperluan rekayasa yaitu dengan mencampur bulu ayam dengan polimer cair (biasanya resin polyester) kemudian dibiarkan mengeras di dalam cetakan, sehingga terbentuk produk komposit bulu ayam. Apabila bulu ayam dibuat menjadi material komposit bulu ayam, maka material ini memiliki rasio kekuatan per berat jenis dari komposit bulu ayam lebih tinggi dibandingkan material rekayasa lainnya seperti baja, aluminium, plastik, maupun komposit fiberglass.

Gagasan untuk membuat genteng komposit bulu ayam berawal dari banyaknya bencana gempa bumi, letusan gunung api, dan puting beliung yang melanda wilayah Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun ini yang mengakibatkan kerusakan bangunan dan korban jiwa. Bencana-bencana tersebut menyadarkan masyarakat pentingnya bangunan yang aman dari bencana alam. Beberapa ahli bangunan memberikan saran untuk bangunan yang berada pada daerah rawan gempa tektonik, dekat dengan gunung berapi aktif, dan   rawan puting beliung, sebaiknya menggunakan bahan-bahan atap bangunan yang ringan, memiliki kemiringan yang besar, dan tidak mudah diterbangkan angin.

Pembuatan genting bulu ayam dilakukan oleh tim peneliti dari Teknik Mesin UII Yogyakarta, yang beranggotakan Muhammad Ridlwan, ST. MT, Dian Janari, Azmi Nur Ardiansyah, Edy Priyono, Aswan Munang. Cara pembuatan genteng komposit bulu ayam yaitu bulu ayam dari bagian dada dicuci dengan sabun dan direndam dalam larutan etanol selama 2 jam dan dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari. Langkah berikutnya adalah mencetak genteng komposit bulu ayam yaitu dengan mencampur bulu ayam dengan cairan resin polyester dan dituang ke dalam cetakan genteng. Cetakan ditekan pada tekanan 20 bar selama 8-12 jam hingga mengeras kemudian dikeluarkan dari cetakan.

Genteng komposit bulu ayam ini memenuhi standar teknis yang diperlukan genteng yaitu memiliki ketahanan terhadap rembesan air, tidak menyerap air (< 1 %), dan mampu menahan beban hingga 200 kg. Genteng ini memiliki berat per meter persegi sebesar 5,5 kg/m2, lebih ringan dibanding genteng tanah liat maupun genteng metal. Keistimewaan dari genteng ini adalah genteng ini bertekstur yang unik dan natural sesuai dengan jenis bulu ayam yang digunakan, sehingga memiliki nilai artistik tinggi.­­­­

Thanks for: kompas.com, tempo.co, tribunlampung.co.id

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