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6 Kesalahan Umum Dalam Merawat Ayam Aduan

1.  Kesalahan  Saat Mempersiapkan Fisik Ayam Muda

Kesalahan ini sering terjadi pada para penghobi ayam laga amatir atau masih awam. Yaitu dalam mempersiapkan ayam muda terlalu memaksakan kemampuan ayam pada tingkat yang jauh dari jangkauan otot atau tulangnya. Hal ini berakibat pada banyaknya kecederaan fisik dan mental ayam muda

Ayam dalam usia muda memiliki susunan otot sempurna namun masih terlalu lunak (belum kuat) untuk melakukan pertarungan lama atau latihan fisik yang terlalu keras. Contoh saja memberikan latihan berlebih seperti memanaskan ayam diterik matahari sampai ayam megap-megap. Ini adalah latihan yang keliru.

Baca juga: Cara dan Manfaat Mandi Jemur Ayam Aduan

Pemberian beban/barbell yang terlalu berlebih pada kaki ayam sama sekali tidak baik untuk ayam muda. Karena  susunan otot yang masih lunak bisa mengakibatkan keseleo dan kepincangan. Latihan yang baik adalah latihan yang bertahap dan tidak menyalahi gerakan alami ayam itu sendiri.

Latihan berat namun tidak diimbangi gizi yang cukup. Otot adalah bagian tubuh yang juga membutuhkan asupan gizi yang memadai. Saat latihan keras, otot membutuhkan sumber energi yang besar juga. Energi bisa didapat dari kalori makanan yang dikonsumsi atau pemberian vitamin.

Menambah kualitas makanan adalah penting untuk menambah nilai gizi dan agar juga mencukupi sisi kandungan karbohidratnya. Memberikan tambahan cairan tubuh agar tidak mengalami dehidrasi saat latihan berlangsung. Cairan seperti air kelapa muda mungkin akan sangat membantu saat latihan.

Peningkatan latihan tidak boleh meningkat terlalu signifikan. Penambahan latihan secara terjadwal dan bertahap akan lebih aman dan bagus bagi ayam. Dengan otot yang telah terbiasa melalui peningkatan secara bertahap maka olah fisik akan membentuk otot yang lebih baik.

Berikan olah raga yang rutin, teratur dan bertahap untuk menghasilkan ayam dengan kekuatan yang maksimal. Jauhi cara pemberian latihan yang tidak sesuai dengan karakter ayam di habitatnya. Berikan nutrisi cukup untuk memastikan kecukupan gizi bagi ayam kesayangan kita.

2.    Mengangkat Ekor Ayam Adalah Kesalahan

Olah raga sejatinya bertujuan menyehatkan tubuh ayam bukan malah untuk menyiksa. Pada hakikatnya sebagai saphiens, manusia dibekali rasionalitas untuk memahami perilaku mahluk lain yang ada di dunia. Hanya saja, terkadang seseorang terlalu gegabah dalam menyimpulkan sesuatu. Baginya cukup melihat satu sisi tapi mengabaikan sudut lain.

Olah raga dengan mengangkat ekor kemudian memaksa ayam mencakar dan berusaha lepas dengan terus mencakar, bukanlah sebuah olah raga yang baik. Hal tersebut tidak lebih dari penyiksaan ayam. Kalau dihitung, banyaknya kerugian dari olah raga model ini belum bisa menutup pada manfaat yang diperoleh.

Baca juga: Tips Rawat Latih 7 Hari

Muncullah pertanyaan seperti ini “Apakah dengan olah raga mengangkat ekor akan membuat ayam lebih sakti dari ayam lain yang tidak di olah ragakan seperti itu? Banyak sekali fakta lapangan yang mendapati hal tersebut justru terbalik.

Olah raga dengan mengangkat ekor ke atas, hal itu seperti menarik susunan tulang belakang. Kerangka tulang belakang dari ekor sampai ke leher merupakan kerangka ringan yang kompak. Ketika terjadi tarikan pada satu sisi, kerangka tersebut mungkin saja masih melekat dengan bantuan otot-otot yang menghubungkannya. Dan itu sangat mungkin akan terjadi cidera.

Saat susunan tulang ini mengalami pergeseran, hal yang paling buruk adalah terjadi kelumpuhan. Seperti kita ketahui bahwa susunan tulang belakang ini bersifat bergerak. Saat terjadi cedera, pergerakan ini akan mengalami kendala dan ayam akan mengalami kesakitan yang luar biasa.

Tak jarang ayam yang sering mendapat perlakuan seperti ini akan berjalan seperti berjongkok atau ayam bungkuk. Ini adalah bentuk kompensasi yang terjadi saat otot dan tulang terasa mengalami keanehan.

Selain dari pertautan otot, tulang-tulang ini juga sebagai penyimpan sumsum tulang. Bagaimana saat makhluk hidup terganggu sumsum tulangnya seperti terjadi kecederaan? Jawabannya adalah kelumpuhan bahkan kematian.

Baca juga: Rahasia Ayam Juara Yang Mungkin Belum Anda Lakukan

Jangan anggap remeh hal ini. Bayangkan saja ayam itu adalah anda sendiri sebagai mahluk hidup. Bagaimana saat dirumah sakit kemudian dokter yang dengan gegabah mengambil sumsum tulang belakang anda dan mengalami kecederaan? Biasanya, dokter akan menghindari menyentuh sumsum tulang belakang jika masih ada alternatif lain. Jika benar Anda adalah penghobi dan penyayang ayam, tentu akan menghindari memperlakukan hewan dengan cara tak wajar seperti ini.

Jika memang ingin melatih otot kaki ayam, mengapa harus mengorbankan susunan tulangnya? Bukankah masih banyak olah raga lain yang justru lebih mendekali habitat aslinya yang tentu aman dan baik bagi ayam. Ayam diberikan naluri gerakan apa saja yang  nyaman bagi mereka bukan justru merekayasa yang hanya merugikan kondisi ayam itu sendiri.

Para pakar hewan sama sekali tidak merekomendasikan segala bentuk olah raga yang menjauh dari sifat habitat aslinya. 

3.    Memberi Daging Mentah Adalah Kesalahan

Bakteri E.Colli ada dalam usus ayam. Dalam saluran pencernaan ayam normal terdapat 10-15% bakteri Escherichia coli patogen dari keseluruhan Escherichia coli(Barness dan Gross, 1997). Saat bakteri ini memenuhi saluran pencernaan ayam, maka kesehatannya akan terganggu. Biasanya penularan bakteri ini melalui fases (kotoran) dan peralatan yang terkontaminasi.

Karena penularannya melalui oral, pemberian minum atau pakan yang terkontaminasi bakteri E. Colli juga menjadi penyebab penyebaran bakteri ini. Termasuk adanya pemberian daging mentah dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan bakteri E. Colli yang melampaui batas.

Meski bakteri ini tergolong aman dalam batas tertentu, tapi saat populasinya melampaui batas akan menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan seperti peradangan pada saluran pencernaan dan alat reproduksi ayam (seperti peradangan indung telur).

Infeksi colibacillosis bisa bersifat lokal atau sistematik dengan berbagai bentuk.
Bentuk Infeksi Lokal Collibacillosis: 

1.    Omphalitis
Merupakan peradangan pada pusar. Infeksi ini terjadi karena kontaminasi pusar oleh jenis bakteri E.coli yang ganas. Telur yang terkontaminasi feses merupakan sumber utama terjadinya omphalitis. Bakteri masuk secara in ovo (melalui telur), jika induk ayam mengalami ophoritis (radang pada ovarium) atau salpingitis (radang pada saluran telur). Selain itu bakteri E.coli juga dapat mencemari telur melalui peralatan yang terkontaminasi bakteri. Omphalitis dapat juga terjadi dari translokasi (perpindahan) bakteri dari usus ayam atau aliran darah. Untuk kasus infeksi cara ini, pusar mungkin tidak terjadi perubahan. Embrio ayam dapat mengalami kematian sebelum atau setelah menetas. Pusar tampak membuka, basah dan kemerahan. Yolk sac (kuning telur) belum terserap, encer dan berbau busuk.

2.    Cellulitis
peradangan dibawah kulit atau cellulitis, biasanya terjadi pada unggas dengan penyebab yang bermacam-macam, tetapi kebanyakan karena infeksi E.coli. Kejadian cellulitis akut atau sub akut yang melinatkan perubahan pada periorbhital dan jaringan subkutan di daerah kepala dapat memicu terjadinya penyakit Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS).

3.    Diare
Jenis bakteri E.coli patogen yang bersifat enterotoxigenic (ETEC) akan menyebabkan terbentuknya akumulasi cairan di usus sehinga ayam akan mengalami diare (usus mengalami peradangan/enteritis). Enteritis ini akibat infeksi E.coli primer maupun sekunder. Infeksi sekunder terjadi akibat bakteri e.coli meninfeksi usus yang telah rusak akibat penyakit-penyakit yang lain, misalnya kosidiosis atau helminthiasis. Pada keadaan ini E.coli akan memperberat dari penyakit primernya.


Baca juga: 6 Ramuan Obat Herbal/Alami Untuk Ayam Diare

4.    Salpingitis
merupakan peradangan pada saluran telur/oviduk yang akan mengakibatkan penurunan produksi telur dan kematian secara sporadis pada ayam dewasa. Colibacillosis bentuk ini banyak ditemukan pada ayam petelur atau ayam petarung betina dewasa menjelang periode bertelur ataupun selama masa produksi. Salpingitis kadang dikelirukan dengan kasus telur yang tertahan di oviduk. Salpingitis terjadi akibat perpindahan bakteri E.coli dari kloaka ke Oviduk atau melalui kantung udara (air sacculitis). Salpingitis yang terjadi akibat perpindahan bakteri E.coli melalui kantung udara banyakk terjadi pada ayam umur muda dan merupakan infeksi sitemik. (Sumber http://www.fedcosierra.com)

4. Jangan Buang Tulang Sembarangan
Jangan buang sisa tulang ayam secara sembarangan. Karena tulang sisa santap makan dapat berdampak buruk bagi ayam kesayangan. Tulamg ayam bisa saja mengandung bibit penyakit yang nantinya akan menular pada ayam kita yang sehat.

Penularan dapat terjadi karena ayam sehat mematuk tulang-tulang yang mengandung bakteri, virus ataupun lainnya. Sisa tulang ayam yang mengandung bakteri berpengaruh pada ayam karena memang bakteri tersebut berada pada tubuh ayam yang sebelumnya disembelih dan dikonsumsi oleh manusia.

Tidak semua bakteri yang ada di tubuh ayam konsumsi berpengaruh pada manusia, namun sudah pasti berpengaruh pada ayam yang sehat. Ayam yang menemukan tulang sisa secara naluriah akan mematuk tulang yang terkontaminasi dan pada akhirnya menjangkiti ayam tersebut.

Bukan hanya ayam yang mematuk dan memakan sisa tulang ayam konsumsi, namun saat ayam tersebut bersentuhan langsung juga dapat terjangkit. Jika ayam konsumsi ternyata memiliki kandungan bakteri atau virus berbahaya bagi ayam dan penularannya memalui sentuhan maka secara otomatis ayam yang menyentuh tulangnya juga akan tertular.

Daging ayam konsumsi walau sudah dimasak, tidak menjamin bahwa bakteri atau virus tersebut mati. Bisa saja bakteri dan virus itu hanya berinkubasi sementara sampai ada inang yang nantinya akan dijangkitinya.

Ikuti tips berikut ini agar ayam anda terhindar dari penyakit yang menular dari tulang sisa konsumsi manusia,

1. Buanglah sisa daging konsumsi dan tulangnya ke dalam tempat sampah yang tidak terjangkau oleh ayam.

3. Kubur sisa daging dan tulang ayam konsumsi agar aman dari ayam yang kemungkinan mengkorek tanah.

4. Lakukan pembakaran, pembuangan, atau mengubur daging dan tulang sisa konsumsi jauh dari habitat ayam kesayangan kita.

5. Berikan suntikan anti bakteri dan virus untuk berjaga-jaga andai saja ayam kesayangan tertular.

5. Jangan Bangunkan Ayam di Malam Hari 

Banyak sekarang ayam di poto pada malam hari untuk di posting pada media social, seperti facebook. Membangunkan ayam pada malam hari tidak baik untuk kesehatan ayam. Ayam seperti layaknya makhluk hidup lain yang membutuhkan waktu untuk istirahat. Setelah seharian bergelut dengan jadwal latihan dan olah raga atau habis melakukan pertarungan, otot ayam membutuhkan waktu istirahat agar tidak terjadi trauma.

Banyak efek buruk yang diakibatkan oleh trauma otot. Mulai dari kram sampai kelumpuhan. Ayam yang kurang istirahat akan mengalmi kelesuan dan kurang semangat. Hal ini tentu buruk bagi ayam petarung yang harus selalu siaga dan fit.

Efek trauma otot, terlihat ketika ayam berjalan seperti hendak meregangkan otot badannya dengan meliuk kebawah seperti orang yang sakit pinggang. Ini adalah salah satu ciri ayam tersebut sakit pada bagian otot tubuhnya.

Ada juga ayam yang ketika dipegang bagian bawah tubuhnya seperti hendak mengawini. Ini bisa saja akibat sisi otot pahanya cedera. Cedera memang tidak selalu diakibatkan oleh ayam dibangunkan pada malam hari, bisa saja karena hal lain.

Pada saat ayam difoto pada malam hari, ayam akan merasa kedinginan karena terpaksa harus turun dari kandang istirahat yang hangat. Faktor dingin akan memaksa ayam membakar kalori tubuhnya dan jika tidak cukup kuat, ayam akan menggigil.

Dari kedinginan inilah ayam kemudian akan kram. Maka sebaiknya jauhi perilaku membangunkan ayam pada malam hari kecuali memang ada hajat yang tidak dapat ditunda.

6.  Jangan Mencabuti Bulu Sayap 

Sering kita lihat beberapa postingan di media sosial penggemar ayam laga menampilkan ayam yang di cabut bulunya sampai polos. Hal itu sangat kejam. Alih-alih membuat ayam cepat tumbuh dan rapi, justru membuat ayam menjadi penakut.

Trauma yang dialami ayam akan membuatnya gagal mental dan merusak liang tumbuh pada saluran bulu. Ayam dengan kondisi bulu yang polos akan membuatnya tidak percaya diri dan tidak mampu bertahan dari serangan jantan lain. Akibatnya mentalnya akan jatuh dan menjadi ayam penakut.


Baca juga: Ketika Bulu Ayam Tidak Tumbuh Dengan Baik

Yang paling parah adalah, saat proses pencabutan sebelum masanya gugur, akan membuat liang tumbuhnya bulu terluka bahkan terkoyak. Ini akan membuat ayam kesakitan yang teramat sangat. Bagaimana jika rambut Anda di cabut? Sakit bukan?

Ayam dengan rasa sakit seperti ini akan trauma dan akan membawanya saat bulunya telah tumbuh. Dalam beberapa kali kesempatan, penulis pernah melihat ayam yang begitu takut saat di susupi sayapnya oleh lawan tanding. Setelah diusut ternyata ayam tersebut dicabuti bulu sayapnya saat masa mudanya.

Begitu kuat trauma yang di derita ayam ini sampai-sampai ayam ini harus lari saat pertarungan masih berlangsung. Kerusakan juga terlihat di bagian ujung sayap dengan ditandai sebuah robekan luka lama ditempat tumbuhnya bulu.

Hindari memperlakukan ayam seperti ini. Biarkan bulu (khususnya sayap) gugur dengan sendirinya. Pakai cara lain yang lebih manusiawi untuk menggugurkan bulu jika memang di rasa butuh percepatan dalam menggugurkan atau menumbuhkan bulu ayam.

Sekian, semoga bermanfaat. Salam penghobi ayam laga anti judi.

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